A proper construction site is hard to imagine without an excavator, here are the top 10 must-have attachments for the next project.
Switching out attachments can quickly transform an excavator from a jackhammer to a mower and the best part is that there are options for excavators of every size. Let’s take a look at the essential attachments that give excavators the versatility and flexibility they’re famous for.
Auger drills are indispensable tools for excavators, designed with a spiral mechanism that efficiently drills holes into various materials. These drills, resembling giant screws, penetrate the ground with a rotating motion and lift the excavated material, leaving a clear and precise hole behind. One of their key advantages is their versatility, allowing for use on different terrains, including earth, pavement, wood, or even ice.
What sets auger drills apart is their adaptability, available in sizes ranging from 4 inches to 4 feet, with digging depths extending up to 33 feet. This makes them ideal for a multitude of tasks, from planting trees and creating foundational pillars to constructing robust foundations. Whether your project involves drilling straight downward into different materials, auger drills stand out as versatile and reliable tools, proving invaluable in the realm of construction.
The quintessential attachment for an excavator is the bucket, crafted from robust steel and featuring teeth along its front edge for effective ground penetration. Buckets are versatile, available in various shapes and sizes, and are the expected attachment on an excavator. While their primary function is material scooping and movement, selecting the right bucket for the task enhances an excavator's efficiency.
Several popular bucket types cater to specific needs:
1. General bucket: Maximize material filling and handle light-duty grading and leveling.
2. Dirt bucket: Durable and designed for digging, moving rocks, and handling dirt.
3. Rock bucket: Ideal for stone and gravel handling, allowing soil to sift through the bottom.
4. Heavy-duty bucket: Suited for moving sturdy materials, road construction, and leveling rough terrains.
5. Light material bucket: Perfect for removing light materials like snow, offering higher capacity.
6. Low-profile bucket: Compact for tight spaces, featuring a longer lip and lower back for enhanced visibility and precision.
Choosing the right bucket is crucial, whether for rock removal or debris pickup. The proper bucket enhances operator productivity, reduces operating costs, and ensures that an excavator performs optimally for specific tasks.
For precision in digging tasks, especially when creating trenches, opting for a trencher proves to be a superior choice over a conventional bucket. Lionel Smitka, the marketing manager at Digga Australia, a leading machinery attachment manufacturer, highly recommends trenchers as a top choice for excavator attachments. According to Smitka, using a trencher on an excavator translates to significant time and cost savings.
Trenchers specialize in digging trenches exclusively, making them much faster than alternative attachments like buckets for such purposes. To illustrate, the time and fuel required for multiple excavators with buckets to dig a trench can be surpassed by a single trencher. Moreover, trenchers refine backfilling, ensuring a smoother return to the trench without sinkage.
An often overlooked advantage is the trencher's ability to operate in close proximity to buildings and other structures, making them ideal for challenging trenching jobs. Their versatility extends to handling rockier soil types, allowing their use in utility installations, footings, and irrigation systems.
Despite their reliability and efficiency, Smitka notes that trenchers are often underrated among excavator attachments, with some contractors still relying on buckets for trenching. To gain a competitive edge, Smitka suggests embracing trenchers more frequently for construction projects.
When the task at hand involves compacting the ground, the go-to tool is a compactor. However, the key to selecting the right compactor lies in understanding and identifying the soil type. Granular soil, comprising particles like sand and gravel, tends to crumble easily. When subjected to vibration energy during compaction, there's reduced friction, and the particles settle in a way that restricts movement. In such cases, a plate compactor proves to be the more suitable choice.
A typical plate compactor features a flat plate that swiftly moves on the ground. The rapid impacts, coupled with the weight of the plate, effectively compress the ground beneath. The ability to rotate up to 360 degrees makes plate compactors ideal for working in narrow trenches or reaching areas inaccessible to rollers.
On the flip side, cohesive soil, which contains more clay, demands a different approach. This type of soil requires more impact force to knead out air and excess water for effective compression. For this purpose, a wheel compactor with roller bearings becomes the preferred tool. While some contractors may opt for manual soil compression, using a compactor proves to be a more time-saving, cost-effective, and efficient approach.
Efficiency at a construction site hinges on having the right tools, and a coupler stands out as a game-changer. Offering swift attachment changes, couplers allow you to seamlessly switch from a bucket to a compactor, saving valuable time. Notably, a glass recycler in South Carolina utilizing hydraulic couplers for their heavy equipment has reported saving up to half an hour during attachment changes.
This time-saving aspect is particularly crucial in construction projects where frequent changes are the norm. Hydraulic couplers, also known as quick couplers, not only streamline the process but also enable operators to work without leaving the cab, enhancing convenience. On the other hand, some contractors may find mechanical couplers more cost-effective if they don't frequently change attachments. However, it's essential to note that with mechanical couplers, operators need to leave the cab for each attachment change, requiring two employees and potentially introducing some inconvenience.
Despite this, continuous development in coupler technology aims at improving performance and safety. When deciding between hydraulic and mechanical couplers, the choice ultimately boils down to what makes the most sense for the company and the specific requirements of a project.
Grapples, although more commonly associated with forestry tasks, have found their utility on construction sites as well. Characterized by two sizable claw-like clamps operated hydraulically, these attachments can rotate and move at various angles, enabling the lifting and transportation of heavy materials regardless of size or shape.
While there are many safety features on John Deere excavators, there’s no guarantee they will always get the job done. Good judgment is always required to make full use of the features and ensure the safety of yourself and others around you.
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Any time you operate equipment, it’s important to understand how you can maintain a safe work environment for yourself and those around you. Here are some excavator safety tips you should consider when putting the equipment to work.
To ensure you are safely operating an excavator, check that the excavator is outfitted with sufficient visibility to enable drivers to have a clear view of areas where people could be in danger due to the operation of the equipment. Preparing and checking any and all safety features before operating an excavator is key to improving overall safety.
Before starting your excavator, consider the following safety tips to ensure you are fully prepared for operation:
Tip #1: Seat belts are provided for comfort and security.
Tip #2: Before going to work, be sure the mirrors are clean and set properly.
Tip #3: Make a quick check of the controls. Be sure the control levers are operating properly.
Tip #4: Check the propel system. It’s better to do this before operating so you can prevent accidents on the job.
Tip #5: Call the area’s utility services to have the job site marked for underground lines or structures.
Once you’ve completed the before-operation excavator safety tips, continue with the following:
Tip #1: Never permit riders in the bucket, cab, or anywhere else on the machine. Excavators only have one seat, which is meant for the operator.
Tip #2: Never attempt to operate the excavator unless you are sitting in the seat and in full control.
Tip #3: Reduce the excavator’s speed when working on rough terrain or within congested areas.
Tip #4: Carry the bucket low to the ground during transport. This will increase visibility and machine stability.
Tip #5: When moving the excavator around the job site, select a route that is as flat as possible.
Steer the machine as straight as possible and only make small gradual changes in direction when turning is needed.
Tip #6: Travel directly up slopes vertically instead of diagonally.
Tip #7: When propelling up slopes, the boom and the arm should be extended with the bucket carried low and rolled out. This will allow you to drop the bucket and prevent the equipment from sliding if necessary.
Tip #8: When propelling down a slope, the bucket bottom should be low and parallel to the ground.
Tip #9: In very steep or slippery conditions, you can use the boom and arm to help move up and down the slope. When going up a steep slope, extend the boom and arm, and when needed, lower the bucket and retract the arm to help pull the machine up. When traveling down a steep slope, position the bucket with the flat surface resting on the ground. While retracting the arm, raise the boom and propel the machine until the front of the tracks reach ground level.
Tip #10: When using the excavator for trenching, make sure the machine is level by placing dirt underneath the tracks. Being level will make the trench vertical and will help to avoid cave-ins.
Tip #11: For better stability, work with the propel motors to the rear of the machine.
Tip #12: Dump spoil piles as far away from the excavation as possible to avoid cave-ins.
Tip #13: When doing excavation jobs on slopes, level the machine by digging a shelf (or bench cut). Material removed from the upper slope can be used to build up the lower slope and create a level surface.
Tip #14: On steep bench cuts, cut enough away from the upper bank to allow for adequate swing clearance when casting downslope.
Tip #15: Never dig underneath the excavator.
Tip #16: When backfilling a cave-in, the excavator’s tracks should be at a 90-degree angle to the excavation with the propel motors to the rear of the machine.
Tip #17: When loading trucks, never swing the excavator bucket or the truck cab. By swinging over the rear of the truck, any loose materials will fall on the ground or in the bed, rather than on the cab.
Tip #18: Never attempt
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clean the excavator’s bucket by striking it on the ground or against another object.
Finally, once you’ve safely performed your day of work, consider the following post operation safety tips:
Tip #1: When shutting down the unit, be sure it’s parked on a level surface with the bucket attachment lowered to the ground.
Tip #2: Turn off the auto-idle switch and run the engine at half throttle without load for a few minutes to help cool the turbocharger down.
Tip #3: Set the RPM to low idle before shutting the engine off with the key switch.
Tip #4: Don’t forget to lock up the cab when exiting the equipment.
Don’t forget to keep these safety tips in mind the next time you start up your excavator for a day of work. For more information about John Deere excavators and operating them safely, contact your local John Deere dealer today.
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